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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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| Schweikhardt, David B.; Batie, Sandra S.; Doering, Otto C., III; Jones, Bob F.. |
| The U.S. House of Representatives and Senate have written farm bills that contain major revisions in farm commodity programs. Differences in these bills, House bill HR 2854 and Senate bill S 1541, must now be resolved by a Conference Committee, approved by a final vote of both houses of Congress, and signed by the President. Though differences in the bills do exist, the bills contain many similar provisions that appear likely to be included in the final version of the bill. This paper summarizes the major provisions of these bills and identifies areas where differences must be resolved by the Conference Committee. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11609 |
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| Norris, Patricia E.; Brown, Elaine M.; Batie, Sandra S.. |
| After much debate and many legislative proposals, the Clean Air Act was amended in 1990 to allow more flexibility in meeting emissions standards for SO2. Specifically, an SO2 emissions allowance trading program was implemented. Firms can meet emission standards by any pollution control method, including buying emission allowances from other firms. Analysts have concluded that, with the changes in the Clean Air Act, SO2 emissions have been reduced by 50 percent and at an estimated $7 billion less than the anticipated cost of the regulatory command-and-control system. Not surprisingly, policy analysts have explored the opportunities for implementing similar market-based systems for water pollution control. Because much of the on-going impairment of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11798 |
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| Diebel, Penelope L.; Taylor, Daniel B.; Batie, Sandra S.; Heatwole, Conrad D.. |
| The Chesapeake Bay is a major water resource whose quality has been threatened by soil erosion and agrichemical contamination. The control of agricultural pollution of the Bay is one of the focal points of the 1987 Chesapeake Bay agreement formed by four states in the Bay's watershed (Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia). Among the suggested solutions is the promotion of low-input agricultural practices. However, some low-input practices also include frequent cultivations of the soil for non-chemical weed control practices, which may induce erosion. This analysis uses a case study approach to determine agricultural practice selection and potential erosion under different soil erosion constraints. A multi-period mathematical... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118171 |
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| Batie, Sandra S.; Swinton, Scott M.; Schulz, Mary A.. |
| The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) transforms the regulation of pesticide residues on food in the United States. Three changes are prominent. First, under the FQPA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to develop uniform pesticide residue tolerances for both fresh and processed foods. These tolerances must be based on a conservative standard appropriate for infants and children, rather than the adult-based tolerances that prevailed previously for fresh-market produce. Second, under the FQPA, pesticide registration will be based upon aggregate risk to the most susceptible consumers from all pesticides sharing a common biochemical mode of action in humans. Third, the FQPA expands the scope of health effects included... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11813 |
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| Swinton, Scott M.; Batie, Sandra S.; Schulz, Mary A.. |
| Implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) is fraught with difficulty due to the divergent perspectives and demands of stakeholders in the process. In "Part I: Agricultural Producer Concerns," the authors reviewed the concerns of food producers about potential FQPA threats to farm profitability, international competitiveness, consumer perceptions, and the development of pest resistance to remaining pesticides. Fortunately, lessons from past environmental policy and economic theory offer useful principles for how to implement the FQPA. This paper, "Part II: Implementation Alternatives and Strategies" addresses ways to accommodate producer concerns while meeting the policy mandate of reducing risk from pesticide exposure, especially for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11488 |
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| Batie, Sandra S.. |
| This paper addresses the potential of the Environmental Quality Incentives Program to become the first true green payment program, one which is not directly linked to farm income goals as all conservation programs have been in the past, even in contrast to the Conservation Reserve Program and the now obsolete Agricultural Conservation Program. EQIP is thus discussed as a new generation of conservation programs which are General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-legal (no payments to farmers which may influence trade) and more targeted to actual agro-environmental problems than the traditional conservation programs. In the next sections, the paper raises two important questions: First, to what extent should green payments substitute for traditional commodity... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11750 |
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| Batie, Sandra S.; Swinton, Scott M.. |
| Sustainable agricultural research and education have gained acceptability within the land-grant system in less than a decade, an impressive change. Attitudes were changed by a set of forces which include lobbying by sustainable agriculture advocates, requests from farmers as a result of the cost-price squeeze of the early 1980's, changing demands for both environmental quality and less pesticide residues from food consumers, and the availability of new funding sources. Despite its hard-won acceptability, there are tensions with respect to sustainable agriculture within the land-grant system. Sustainable agricultural issues are not yet integrated into the fabric of the land-grant institution. In order to integrate it fully, challenges remain in three key... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11666 |
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| Batie, Sandra S.; Schweikhardt, David B.. |
| Nearly every aspect of Michigan Agriculture is affected by the farm bill. Farm program payments are a major source of income (25 percent of Michigan's net farm income in recent years has come from farm program payments - Figure 1), conservation compliance requirements are beginning to affect production decisions, and export programs affect market prices. All farmers in Michigan will be affected by the decisions made in 1995, regardless of whether they currently participate in farm programs or produce program crops. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11761 |
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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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